FERNANDES, Luís Jorge Monteiro.
Résumé:
Green Productivity (GP) is a strategy that is based on the integration of environmental protection to improve productivity and, thus, generate socio-economic benefits whose measurement has been made by calculating the Green Productivity Index (GPI) and the Ratio of Green Productivity (RGP). Despite the importance of these metrics, it was found that they do not present an integrative approach of the three main dimensions of sustainability, and they do not show the quantification of the economic and environmental aspects of industrial units, while the social aspects are not considered, neither measured. Within this context the footwear industry, which contributes to the generation of employment and income, becomes a research field for the application of measurement models, due to the considerable negative social and environmental impacts that characterize it. The objective of this paper is to propose a Measurement Model of GP for the companies of the shoe manufacturing industry, designed from within the integration of the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. The proposed model, among other aspects, comprises a calculated metric of the green productivity index at organizational level (GPIorg), through an evaluation method of the GPIorg and a framework that supports the GP measurement metric in an organizational context . The definition of the IPVorg is given by a mathematical relation defined by the ratio between productivity (determined by the ratio between revenues and costs of the production process – which separately incorporates production costs, environmental costs and social costs) and impacts (social and environmental). Therefore, 73 indicators were used to calculate the impacts, 39 out of which belonging to the environmental dimension, divided into 5 categories (organizational management, raw materials, water and energy, by-products, and community), and the remaining 34 belonging to the social dimension, grouped into six categories (legislation and regulations, health and safety, human resources, work environment, community, and customers and consumers), and their respective parameters of analysis. The methodological procedures consisted of an exploratory and descriptive research, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, presenting a constructive view of knowledge. Data collection procedures were based on primary and secondary sources, whose collection instruments include the non-participant observation, interview, questionnaire and literature research. The model was empirically applied at a shoes factory located in the backlands of Paraiba, generating a GPIorg value that was used for the analysis of the three types of costs as well as the environmental and social indicators originating from the activities of the unit, in addition to the social and environmental impacts over staff, population of surrounding communities, and consumers. We conclude that the proposed model has provided a clear contribution for an advancement in the literature on GP and its metrics. It has also shown that the selection of indicators presents a relaxation which allows the incorporation of new indicators and new forms of measurement. It was also seen as an important comparison tool of financial, environmental and social parameters, both within the company and with other organizations in the sector where it operates
