Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade infantil em um Município Paraibano no período de 2008 a 2012.

Abstract

Infant mortality is understood as an indicator of health, as well as a parameter of measuring the development of a population of a given region, country , state or city, being its indexes used in the conception of the Human Development Index , reflecting the quality of life of people. Thus, this research aims to: identify the epidemiological profile of infant mortality in the city of Cajazeiras , Paraíba in the period 2008-2012 ; know the causes of infant mortality from the database of the Mortality Information System ; evaluate information maternal and their relation to infant mortality . This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, exploratory , documentary and retrospective study with a quantitative approach , using secondary data source . Data collection was realized in the database of the Information System about mortality deployed in the department of the data processing of 9º Gerência Regional de Saúde located in said city . The population of the study was composed of 2,228 deaths reported in the city of Cajazeiras -PB in the period from 2008 to 2012, the sample consisted of 115 infant deaths. Data were transferred to an instrument designed from the Death Certificate and after reading these were consolidated, grouped in tables and graphs then were treated by simple descriptive statistics and analyzed in the light of the relevant thematic literature. The results show that there is a predominance of neonatal mortality with 67 % of deaths for age in relation to death 45 % of newborns are premature under 36 weeks gestation. With respect to the weight it was found that 46 % were born less than 2,500 grams and 36% by caesarean section. The main causes of death were diseases of the perinatal period with 61 %, followed by congenital malformations with 14 % and Infectious, Parasitic diseases with 10 %. Concerning maternal age 32 % are between 21 and 30 years, in terms of schooling, it was found that only 4 % have completed higher education. Therefore, the results obtained allowed us to show that there is a fiery need to rethink the policies and practices of maternal and child health at the local level, furthermore, the study indicates a need to invest in improvements in quality of life of population as a whole, since infant mortality is an indicator of living conditions and public health and, in fact studied many variables that favored child mortality are associated with preventable and / or amenable to intervention causes.