Vulnerabilidade das terras agrícolas, degradação ambiental e riscos a desastres Enos, no município de Sumé (PB).

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the vulnerabilities of the agricultural lands and the disasters risks face the climatic changes and the human activities in the inadequate land use in the Cariri region in the State of Paraiba. Several environmental degradation levels, varying from low and very low to serious and very serious were identified and mapped. With the level very serious are related the desertification nucleus. A temporal analysis using TM/Landsat-5 images from the years 1984, 1990 and 1998 was preceded to evaluate the environmental conditions after the Mega EL NINO 82/83, before the moderate EL NINO 91/93 and post EL NINO 97/98. This study allowed to make a temporal analysis of the bankruptcy evolution of the Sume reservoir since the second half of the 1980 years, when was constructed of the Sao Paulo and others dam of different capacities. Also a deep study of the vulnerabilities (social, economic, technologic and to the climate drought) of the rural population face to ENSO was accomplished, and the results had showed that they are very high, mainly due to the lack of information about the droughts and preparedness. The studies raveled that the related problems to the drought are based not on the lack of good forecasts, but on the lack of early warnings.