Efeito residual do biossólido e da água residuária no ambiente edáfico e no cultivo do milho.

Abstract

The rotation of cultures is very used in a maintainable agriculture, where it objectifies a reduction of soil losses, water and nutritious. It still provides an efficient control of plagues, diseases and harmful herbs. The biossolid residue (mud) and the water residuary contains high texts of organic matter, minerals, mainly nitrogen, match and micronutrients. The use of those increments in the agriculture decreases and in some cases it eliminates the need of use of chemical fertilizers. With the objective of to verify and to quantify the isolated effects and groups of the factors irrigation with water residuary, biossolids doses and chemical fertilizers and its residual effects in the com and in the ambient edafico, after the second culture, continued an experiment begun in the Program of Research in Basic Saneamento (PROSAB) of the Department of Civil Engineering of the Federal University of Campina Grande, PB. The experimental delineamento was it entirely casualizado, with 7 treatments and three repetitions, in the totality 21 experimental units. In outline fatorial [(2x3)+l], represented by two types of water (provisioning and treated residuary, and in the experiment with the com was just used water of provisioning) and three biossolid doses: 0, 75, and 150 kg N/ha and a witness in which chemical fertilizer was used in the formula NPK. To accompany the impact of the input in the soil, the characteristics were analyzed physical-hidricas, of fertility, salinity, and micronutrientes, in the beginning and in the end of the experiments with the culture of the castor and of the com. They were appraised in the used waters the concentrations of: organic matter, (DQO) and nutritious (nitrogen amoniacal, total match and soluble ortofosfato). Analizaram-if the following variables for the culture of the com: height of the plant, diameter caulinar, area to foliate for plant, number of us, number of spikes, size of the spikes, number of grains, dry weight of the straws, dry weight of the spikes without straw, dry weight of the sabugos, dry weight of the grains and dry weight of 100 seeds. In agreement with the results it was verified that whole the growth variables and of production they went superiors to the treatments that received water residuary. The residual effects in the culture of the com of the irrigation waters used in the culture of the castor presented significant differences for the texts of total match, ortofosfato, total suspended solids, total solids, alkalinity, absorbancia nitrate, electric conductivity and it demands chemistry of oxygen. The soil that was irrigated with water residuaria in the culture of the castor presented increment of organic matter, nitrogen and match in the culture of the com, nutritious these indispensable ones to the growth and development of the plant. The biossolido just presented significant effect for the variables: plant height, number of us at the 20 OF THE (days, after semeadura). before the obtained results it is verified that the residual effects in the culture of the com of the use of water residuaria in the culture of the castor are viable for a maintainable agriculture, however that its use is done to guarantee the health in a way correct ecological of the you be alive and preservation of the environment.