Caracterização e análise das secas na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Taperoá e avaliação dos impactos e ações de convivência com a seca de 2012-2014 no município de Taperoá-PB.

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and analyze the periods of droughts in sub-basin hydrographic of the Taperoá River (SBHTR) and the social, economic and environmental impacts and living actions with drought from 2012-2014 in the municipality of Taperoá - PB. Rainfall data, serie 1963-2014, were used to analyze the sub-basin rainfall regime; and the severity of the dry years, through the Standardized Precipitation Index. The identification of social, economic and environmental impacts was performed using the method of descriptive listing check-list, questionnaires, bibliographic and documentary data. To analyze the socioeconomic variables and of actions of living together were used same materials of the impacts, except the checklist. The rainy period in the municipalities of the sub-basin occurs from january to may, precipitations lower than average in these months caused severe impacts. It was found that most of droughts in SBHRT occurred into the category moderate, following by severe and extreme. The SBHRT was hit by severe and extreme dried for all analyzed decades, however, as many of them occurred in the decades of 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010. The most severe drought was the from 1998-2000, followed by 1979-1985. The drought of 2012-2014 was not the more serious because the precipitation was above occurred in 1998-2000 and 1979-1985 period, there was also greater investment in coexistence actions with droughts and social programs implemented by governments. The social, economic and environmental impacts of the drought of 2012-2014 in the municipality of Taperoá-PB were: health problems of low flow, unequal distribution of resources during the drought, mental strain, reductions in food supply, conflicts water users, increasing poverty, population migration, reduction of livestock and crop production, rising unemployment, higher costs for transporting water, unavailability of feed, disruption of reproductive cycles, reduction of recreation and tourism, losses in flora, fauna and fish species, and reduced water quality. The impacts continued because they lack financial resources to implement programs and public coexistence policies were not effective, only appearing with greater intensity when the region was hampered by drought. To reduce the impacts is to increase the number of cisterns, especially the boardwalk. You also need to drill wells and build dams, in addition to maintenance on that are with reduced or deactivated capacity, building underground dams and natural ponds, finished and put into operation the Transposition of the São Francisco River, encourage the management of water resources, create programs aimed at strengthening family farming, encouraging haymaking, silage, beekeeping, meliponiculture, husbandry of animals and plants adapted to the region, among many others.