Fatores associados à adesão e abandono do tratamento da tuberculose.

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, socioeconomic die in the governmental sphere are a number of difficulties in controlling and eradicating the bacilli that cause disease. Even if a drug therapy that causes the individual to cure the noncompliance with treatment are still important factors in morbidity and mortality rates of this disease. Objective: To investigate the factors that influence adherence and abandonment of tuberculosis treatment from the point of view of nurses from the Family Health Strategy. Methodology: Exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, developed in ESF nine municipalities in the 10th Regional Health Management of Paraíba state, namely, Aparecida, Sousa, Marizópolis, Nazarezinho, Vieirópolis, Ballast, San Francisco, Santa Cruz and Lagoa. The population / sample consisted of all nurses working in the municipalities cited FHS, for a population of 37 professionals. Data collected individually in the months of January and February 2014 through a semi-structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis technique. The research was conducted according to the ethical aspects and the Resolution 466/2012 of the CNS. Results: The results showed complex nature of multiple factors that influence adherence and noncompliance with treatment for tuberculosis, difficulties associated with the user, the processing and operation of health care. In identifying the factors that contribute to non-adherence and treatment dropout carrier, we have the team support, the prognosis for healing, free treatment, family support, improvement of symptoms, socioeconomic conditions, service accessibility and medication, acceptance of the disease, health education, fear and family support. With regard to the main factors contributing to the abandonment and non-adherence to treatment, namely, adverse effects, lack of knowledge and commitment, the socioeconomic and cultural conditions, treatment prolonged, alcoholism and drug abuse, lack of relationship with the healthcare team and the family, stigma and prejudice and difficulty in accessibility. The results also revealed that the aspects that motivate the bearer of TB treatment are to complete the cure, team work, service and accessibility to medication. We observed statistically that nurses perform educational activities, home visits and a good bond to maximize adhesion and minimize abandonment. Conclusion: The study came to ratify the cause of accession and abandonment of treatment is multifactorial, though quite predictable and possible to overcome, and we need to intensify actions to consolidate the intention of assistance to tuberculosis as a strategy to increase the healing and decrease abandon tuberculosis.