Avaliação da ecotoxicidade utilizando artemia salina em lixiviados de resíduos sólidos de acetato vinílico de etileno após estabilização por solidificação.

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis evaluated the ecotoxicity of leachates from solid ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) waste stabilized by solidification, using Artemia salina as a biological model. Paving blocks were manufactured with the incorporation of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% EVA, cured for 28 days and subsequently leached according to ABNT NBR 10005/10006 standards. The leachates were tested at concentrations of 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, and 25% (v/v), in addition to the raw residue, and were exposed to Artemia salina nauplii for periods of 24, 32, and 72 h. The results showed a positive correlation between concentration, exposure time, and organism mortality, with a significant cumulative effect at 72 h. Samples containing EVA contents ≥ 10% presented mortality between 50–60% at the 25% (v/v) concentration, exceeding the acute toxicity parameter established by CONAMA Resolution 430/2011. The raw residue reached 60% mortality, characterizing a violation of Article 8 of the same resolution due to the release of toxic compounds such as phthalates. The compressive strength of the blocks ranged from 12.13 to 21.52 MPa, meeting the minimum criterion for landfill disposal (> 1 MPa), but remaining below 35 MPa. It is concluded that EVA contents ≤ 5% are environmentally safe, whereas higher concentrations require complementary treatments. The study reinforces the potential of integrating Artemia salina bioassays with Brazilian technical standards for the ecotoxicological evaluation of stabilized waste.