Incidência de fraturas da coluna vertebral secundárias à osteoporose em pacientes com espondilite anquilosante: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoporosis and ankylosing spondylitis are interrelated conditions that significantly increase the risk of vertebral fractures, especially in patients with advanced disease. However, there is a lack of studies on the incidence of these fractures and their specific risk factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Objective: To analyze the incidence of vertebral fractures secondary to osteoporosis in patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis based on the available scientific literature. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review using the Embase database for study selection. Complete studies with no time restrictions that directly addressed the topic were included. Duplicated articles, literature reviews, editorials, and animal studies were excluded. Results: The search yielded 5,949 studies, with a final sample of 14 articles. Most studies demonstrated a strong association between ankylosing spondylitis, osteoporosis, and vertebral fractures. Five articles (35.7%) were case reports, highlighting patients with ankylosing spondylitis and osteoporosis who developed vertebral fractures, primarily in the thoracic and lumbar spine. The incidence of fractures was high and associated with advanced age, previous fractures, opioid and glucocorticoid use, and elevated C-reactive protein levels. Conclusion: Osteoporosis and vertebral fractures are significant complications of ankylosing spondylitis, influenced by multiple factors such as chronic inflammation, corticosteroid use, and functional impairment. Therefore, further research is needed to enhance knowledge on this topic and develop effective prevention and management strategies.