Avaliação dos impactos socioambientais do Aterro Sanitário do Município de Sumé-PB no biênio “2023-2024”.

Abstract

The uncontrolled growth of the world's population has led to an increase in waste generation, which is disposed of in inappropriate locations, causing negative environmental impacts. In Brazil, the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) established the proper disposal of various types of waste, with a gradual reduction of open dumps, which are being replaced by sanitary landfills. This work aimed to evaluate the socio-environmental impacts of the sanitary landfill in the municipality of Sumé, PB, as well as the sanitary and environmental conditions of the soil, water and the aquifers in its surroundings. This work is aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17, contributing to the socio-environmental sustainability of the of Sumé city, Paraíba State. Methodologically, a bibliographic and documentary research of Brazilian Environmental, Sanitation and Waste legislation was conducted, in addition to on-site technical visits to assess the sanitary and environmental conditions of the waste disposal area and its surroundings. Water quality was evaluated according to the recommendations of Ordinance Nº. 2,914/2011 of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, which established criteria for water potability. A survey was also carried out, using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the socioeconomic and health conditions of the waste pickers, as well as the types and quantities of waste collected. After the installation license was granted, the landfill operated without authorization until December 25, 2024, when the estimated receiving capacity was 16.5 Tons/day, with the potential to generate income of US$ 58.10 per 612.4 kg truckload delivered. Water quality analysis conducted on one of the wells drilled in the landfill area indicated that the water cannot be used for human consumption or animal watering. Verification of the landfill's compliance with Brazilian Environmental Legislation demonstrated the need for adjustments to ensure that all operations are carried out in accordance with regulations. According to the analyzed documents, it was possible to identify that, although some practices were following Brazilian Environmental Legislation, improvements were needed to meet current standards, culminating in the closure of the Sumé - PB landfill. Current operations are limited to sorting recyclable waste, as it has a sorting center and a recreation area, where other types of waste are now deposited at the Afogados da Ingazeira, Pernambuco State landfill. A technical report was generated as a technical output, indicating its limitations to assist local and state managers in decision-making.