Variabilidade interanual e interdecenal do balanço hídrico na Amazônia Ocidental

Abstract

This research aimed to study the interannual variability and interdecenal the variables of water balance: precipitation, evapotranspiration, surplus, storage, effective index of moisture and dryness in the Western Amazon. Initially it was obtained daily rainfall data and maximum and minimum temperatures of 2.5° grid points x 2.5° for the period 1961-2001 the northern region of Brazil and calculated the interdecenal water balance for analysis of the indices effective moisture and dryness, it was found that the moisture content had an effect\ive decay when related to the decades studied with the weather , the aridity index showed a small increase in the decade of Western Amazonia 1971-1980 for the 1991-2000, except for the state of Roraima which saw a decrease in aridity in the decade 1991-2000. Then we calculated the sequential water balance for analysis of rainfall, actual evapotranspiration, ater surplus, storage, and effective levels of moisture and dryness separated by mesoregions the Western Amazon and found that the North Western Amazon region in years El Niño tends to be rainy, while the Central, Southeast and South region tends to be less rainy, the Tropical Atlantic SST influenced the rainfall in the North and Center, but had no direct influence on the other two regions. In addition, we used observational data from 11 meteorological stations along the western Amazon in the 1961-2010 period, extracted from INMET database with the data held a sequential water balance and the actual evapotranspiration values, water surplus, storage and effective moisture results of this assessment was held on harmonic analysis and wavelets and one of the observations was that the AMO influenced the peaks with statistical significance of the effective index of moisture and water surplus.