Situação epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no estado do Rio Grande do Norte.

Abstract

Brucellosis is a transmissible disease of great importance: both for its socioeconomic aspect and for public health, and it can significantly affect the trade of products, mainly milk and its derivatives. Dairy cattle farming in Rio Grande do Norte has a strong impact on the state's socioeconomic field, given that a significant portion of this production comes from family farming. The first chapter of this thesis contains an article whose objective was a study of molecular surveillance as a tool to detect Brucella spp., in fresh milk and artisanal cheeses from family agribusinesses in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In total, 18 samples of raw milk and 18 samples of coalho cheese were sampled, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The non detection of DNA in the researched samples is attributed to suggestive factors, such as: most of the animals being non-reactive for brucellosis (Rose Bengal screening test); and, also, due to the fact that the State registers anti-brucella immunizations much lower than recommended. The negative result does not reflect the real epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State; however, it evidences that analyzed foods as safe in relation to the researched bactéria. In chapter II, the objective was to know how Rio Grande do Norte-RN has developed its actions with the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), emphasizing the anti-Brucella immunization of its cattle. The study analyzed and compared secondary data obtained from official veterinary services, whose vaccination rates achieved are below the recommended target and achieved at the national level (80%), ranging from 2.94% in 2015 to 51.64% in 2019. Suggesting that the State realigns its commitment as a public manager and strengthens its customer service to better execute the Program's actions. Finally, the chapter III is composed of a systematic literature review, by qualitative synthesis, on the occurrence of infection in humans by anti-Brucella vaccine strains S19 and RB51. The PRISMA methodology was used for the primary search of scientific literature in five electronic databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo. About this the published studies are rare; the majority (06/10) of the selected texts included in the “case report” modality and coming from countries of 04 continents: America (Argentina, Brazil and United States); Asia (Türkiye) and Africa (Sudan).