Análise quantitativa e compaíativa do infiltíado inflamatóíio de gíanulomas piogênicos, fibíomas ossificantes peíiféíicos e lesões peíiféíicas de células gigantes.

Abstract

Pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) and peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL) represent non-neoplastic proliferative processes (NNPPs), being considered tissue increases of traumatic origin of high frequency in the oral cavity. NNPPs are inflammatory in nature, and the inflammatory infiltrate of most of these lesions contains cells of the immune system, such as lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Each NNPP presents specific components related to the inflammation process and may also vary according lesion duration. The objective of this research was to characterize and comparatively evaluate the inflammatory infiltrate of NNPPs, with emphasis on PG, POF and GCPL. 42 cases of NNPPs were selected and the number of macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells were quantified. After counting the cells per field, these numbers were transcribed into a specific form developed for the study. Subsequently, the number of each cell type was averaged for each case. The results were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Office 2023 for Windows 11) and later exported to the GraphPad Prism Software Ine program, where the data were subjected to appropriate statistical tests according to the sample distribution. The 42 cases of NNPPs were counted, including 14 cases of PG, 14 cases of GCPL and 14 cases of POF. Males had a prevalence of 78.5% for the PG group, for the other groups, females had a prevalence above 50%. The age group that predominated in the three NNPP groups was between 31 and 40 years of age. The nodular appearance was the most prevalent among the lesions. PGs had a higher prevalence of erythematous color, and GCPLs and POFs had a higher prevalence of normal color. Based on the analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate, no statistically significant differences were found regarding the counts of the cell populations evaluated. Knowledge of the inflammatory microenvironment of NNPPs is of fundamental importance, since these lesions are very prevalent in clinical practice and understanding their etiology and their associated immunobiological mechanisms provide support for a better therapeutic approach.