Estudo clinicopatológico dos processos proliferativos não-neoplásicos / Thalison Rocha Dantas.

Abstract

Non-neoplastic proliferative processes (NNPP), such as Epulis Fissuratum (EF), Pyogenic Granuloma (PG), Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (PGCG), and Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (POF), are fairly common oral lesions that arise in response to chronic aggressive stimuli. These stimuli typically include biofilm accumulation, bad prosthetic adaptation, defective restorations, iatrogenic causes, masticatory traumas, or harmful habits. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological profile of 185 NNPP cases sourced from an oral histopathology service in Paraíba, focusing on demographic variables (gender, age, skin color), clinical attributes (size, symptomatology, and evolution of the lesion), and their histopathological characteristics. The main findings revealed that patients affected by NNPPs were predominantly women, averaging 48 years old (± 18 SD), with light skin, asymptomatic, having lesions with an average size of 1.31 cm (± 1.45 SD) and an average evolution of 25 months (± 43 SD). When comparing lesion variables, statistical associations were found: for EF, age and size (P = 0.008), fibrosis and collagen fiber size (P < 0.001), and inflammatory infiltration/intensity and epithelium type (P = 0.002); for PG, vascular proliferation and ulceration (P = 0.021), vascular proliferation and fibrosis (P = 0.023), and ulceration and inflammatory infiltration (P = 0.005); for PGCG, age and evolution in months (P = 0.046), gender and giant cell morphology (P = 0.014), and number of nuclei per giant cell and duration in months (P = 0.46). No statistically significant associations were found for POF. It was concluded that this study provides valuable insight into the demographic, clinical, and histopathological profile of patients with PPNN, emphasizing the importance of individualized analysis to better understand the specificities and associations of each condition. The information obtained is essential to guide clinical practice and direct future research in this field.