Movimento neofascista no Brasil e no Chile contemporâneo: disputas materializadas em torno de um inimigo.

Abstract

This work carries out an analysis and critical reflection on the neofascist movement and its co- optation by the petty bourgeoisie in the service of capital. During the 20th and 21st centuries, it is possible to observe the escalation of authoritarian regimes of a fascist type in Latin America, all, to some extent, based on similar justifications by their respective economic elites. The main objective of this work is to understand the rise of neofascist movements in Latin America from the dictatorial experiences of Brazil and Chile, considering the problematization of anticommunism as a central element in the construction of bourgeois antidemocratic justifications. The work follows a qualitative methodology, through bibliographic review based on the analysis and problematization of historical sources and specialized bibliography directed by the materialist historical and dialectical method. In addition, the study is also supported by the theoretical framework of Comparative History (Bloch, 1928), and uses authors such as Paxton (2023), Poulantzas (1970), and Boito Jr. (2019) to characterize and problematize fascism and its theories, as well as Galdeano (2024), Napolitano (2019), and Aggio (2022) to reflect on specific issues of the political trajectories of Chile and Brazil. Thus, it can be concluded that, from the fascist structures established in Latin America and their respective processes of delayed redemocratization, neofascism finds a path paved for its escalation, marking continuities—such as the use of the same justifications as in classical dictatorships— and also ruptures from the 20th-century model, such as the implementation of the new trend of capital: neoliberalism.