Segurança do paciente e a atuação do enfermeiro no uso do checklist cirúrgico: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Introduction: Patient safety is one of the fundamental pillars of healthcare and has received increasing attention in recent decades, especially in the hospital setting, where the complexity of care increases the risk of errors and adverse events. In this context, nurses play a strategic role in implementing and monitoring measures that ensure safe practices. Objective: To analyze the role of nurses and patient safety in the use of the surgical checklist and its approaches in the operating room from 2016 to 2025. Method: This is a qualitative study, an integrative literature review carried out between August and September 2025, in the SCIELO and BDENF databases, using the descriptors surgical center, patient safety, checklist, and nursing team. Studies published in full text, in Portuguese/English/Spanish, between 2016 and 2025 were selected. Results: These studies reveal that an efficient team and the nurse’s role in the surgical center are crucial to preventing failures and adverse events. The use of protocols, such as the Surgical Safety Checklist, combined with team leadership and effective communication, reduces complications and strengthens patient safety. Conclusion: It is concluded that nurses play an essential role in ensuring patient safety in the surgical center, being responsible for integrating protocols, monitoring results, and leading continuous improvement strategies. Their qualified and proactive performance directly impacts care quality and harm prevention, making them key to the effectiveness of surgical safety actions and to strengthening the culture of safety in healthcare institutions.