Influência da vulnerabilidade econômica, educacional e social nas complicações obstétricas que levam ao pré-natal de alto risco.

Abstract

This study addresses the relationship between social vulnerability and maternal health, focusing on pregnant women undergoing high-risk prenatal care. The concept of vulnerability, initially limited to individual aspects, has expanded to encompass social, economic, and cultural factors that directly affect health outcomes. In this context, conditions such as low income, unequal access to services, poor sanitation, and lack of social support are important determinants of pregnancy complications. The main objective was to characterize the sociodemographic, economic, and living conditions of pregnant women monitored in a university hospital, highlighting vulnerability aspects that influence maternal health. This is a descriptive, exploratory, and quantitative study conducted with 20 pregnant women assisted at the high-risk prenatal clinic of HUJB, in Cajazeiras-PB, Brazil. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results showed a predominance of young women, with a mean age of 27.8 years, elementary or secondary education, and an average family income of R$ 2,101.30, with 65% of families living on up to half the minimum wage per member. Economic and sanitary vulnerability was identified, with 25% of families relying on wells or ponds for water and 55% using septic tanks. Nevertheless, most participants were not classified as vulnerable according to the Coelho-Savassi index, suggesting limitations of the tool in addressing regional inequalities. It is concluded that economic vulnerability was the most significant factor among pregnant women, reinforcing the need for intersectoral public policies that consider the social determinants of health, in order to ensure comprehensive, equitable, and humanized care.