Um estudo em teorias de dimensões extras.

Abstract

This work revisits the main theories of extra dimensions and their role in solving the hierarchy problem of particle physics. We begin with the classical Kaluza-Klein approach, which unifies gravity and electromagnetism in 5D, yielding testable and consistent solutions. Subsequently, we advance to modern models, such as the proposal by Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (ADD), which introduces large extra dimensions to dilute gravity in the extra dimensions and explain the hierarchy. Succeeding, we explore the RandallSundrum (RS) scenario, where a warped extra dimension exponentially generates the electroweak scale from the Planck scale. In addition we will also discuss the fermion localization mechanism on branes in ADD theory and the Israel junction conditions, essential for the consistency of brane models. Finally, we analyze how these theories modify the gravitational potential at microscopic scales, offering perspectives for experimental tests. This work provides a review and connections between theoretical formalisms, solutions to the hierarchy problem, and phenomenology in extra dimensions.