Impactos socioambientais presentes nas imediações do Açude Nova Vida na cidade de Pombal - PB.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and diagnose the socio-environmental impacts resulting from human activities in the vicinity of the Nova Vida reservoir, located in Pombal, Paraíba, Brazil. It also seeks to understand the coexistence, experiences, and perceptions of local residents living near this area. The research is based on the premise that no water reservoir is inherently polluted; however, unregulated urban occupation around the reservoir— even though it no longer serves as a local water supply—has triggered environmental degradation. This qualitative and descriptive research was conducted through bibliographic and documentary reviews, direct field observation, and cartographic support (location mapping). Based on these methods, the study identified and analyzed the main socio-environmental impacts affecting the area's environmental quality, as well as their effects on the ecosystem and public health. Five major impact vectors were systematized: (I) suppression of riparian vegetation; (II) discharge of untreated domestic effluents; (III) improper disposal of solid waste and debris; (IV) constructions near the reservoir banks causing soil sealing; and (V) animal husbandry in urban areas. These factors contribute to erosion and siltation processes, increased biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids, eutrophication, health risks, spillway obstruction, and flooding — all of which degrade local environmental quality. Beyond the physical and ecological impacts, the study also explored residents’ lived experiences and social perceptions in response to the environmental degradation surrounding their homes. Given this scenario, the study concludes that integrated actions in urban planning and basic sanitation (including sewage collection and treatment, stormwater drainage), proper waste management (through installation of disposal points or containers), restoration of riparian vegetation via guided ecological succession, regulation of urban animal rearing, continuous environmental education, and effective monitoring — jointly carried out by public authorities and the local community — are essential to initiate a process of environmental regularization and impact mitigation.