Superendividamento e acesso à justiça na Paraíba: uma análise dos processos judiciais com base na Lei nº 14.181/2021.

Abstract

This applied research uses a mixed-methods (quant-qualitative) approach to analyze the implementation of Law No. 14.181/2021, known as the "Superindebtedness Law," within the Court of Justice of Paraíba (TJPB) from August 2023 to June 2025. Based on data from 233 relevant judicial processes, the study aims to understand how the Judiciary has interpreted and operationalized the legal provisions designed to protect superindebted consumers. Variables like action type, case duration, mention of the "minimum existencial," legal grounds, and application of specific legal provisions were analyzed. The findings highlight an incipient and unequal application of the new legislation and the need for stronger judicial action, especially in vulnerable districts. Although the "minimum existencial" is mentioned in 98.71% of the cases, only 33.05% address financial education. The study emphasizes the importance of preventive actions, such as financial education and judicial training. The study offers theoretical contributions to discussions on access to justice and public policy, as well as practical insights for improving legal implementation.