Efeitos da violação da invariância de Lorentz na cosmologia e na cosmologia inflacionária

Abstract

A possible window into physics beyond the Standard Model may emerge at the Planck scale (MP ∼ 1019 GeV), where Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) scenarios are expected. In this work, we present a cosmological model in which General Relativity (GR) is coupled to a scalar field Lagrangian, both containing LIV terms. We analytically derive the evolution of the Hubble parameter and the equation-of-state parameter, and constrain the geometric LIV parameter through its effects on the deceleration parameter. The inflationary regime is also analyzed using the first-order formalism, revealing the role of LIV parameters in the dynamics of the universe. We find that αg dominates the dark sector in standard cosmology, assuming a theoretical value consistent with cosmic chronometer data. In the case of the inflaton, the LIV parameters regulate the duration between cosmic eras and the maxima of the equation-of-state parameter, without affecting the restoration of late-time expansion, which naturally emerges from the model’s structure. These results offer a pathway to describe cosmology within or beyond the ΛCDM framework, linking the current dark energy era to a universe shaped by Lorentz invariance violation.