Percepção de mulheres sobre a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na estratégia de saúde da família.

Abstract

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) constitute a serious public health problem, transmitted primarily through unprotected sex, and can also occur vertically or through transfusions. Most are asymptomatic, which hinders early diagnosis and increases vulnerability. Despite advances, such as combined prevention, rates remain high in Brazil and worldwide, particularly affecting women's reproductive health. Gender issues, inequality, and social prejudices intensify this vulnerability, limiting women's autonomy in decisions about prevention. Objective: To assess the perceptions of women receiving care in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) of Cuité and Nova Floresta regarding STI prevention. Methods: This is an exploratory, qualitative study conducted in urban ESFs in the municipalities of Cuité (5 units) and Nova Floresta (3 units). Twenty-four women participated, three from each ESF, who were awaiting care at the units. Participants were able to choose a code name named after a flower and were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire divided into sociodemographic data and five guiding questions, with their answers being audio-recorded. Data analysis was conducted using IRAMUTEQ software, using the similarity tree to identify the most recurring terms and correlate them with the axes of combined prevention. Results: Participants recognized primary health care as a place to access prevention supplies and safe information. Condoms were the most frequently cited method, and regular checkups and exams were also valued. However, shame, fear of prejudice, and fear of disclosing diagnoses were mentioned as barriers to access and continuity of care. Some women demonstrated greater protagonism, recognizing the importance of prevention even in stable relationships. Educational initiatives were seen as fundamental and should occur in both health care facilities and schools, using accessible language. Conclusion: The study highlighted weaknesses in the behavioral area, such as fear of addressing sexuality, as well as structural barriers, such as social stigma, fear of judgment, and service overload. Among the strengths, the recognition of vulnerability, the pursuit of preventive measures, and the appreciation of UBSF (Brazilian Family Health Units) as places for access to supplies and guidance are highlighted. Therefore, the need to expand educational initiatives in health and schools is reinforced, promoting gender equity and strengthening combined prevention.