A questão agrária e o campesinato negro em Coxixola: a produção do recurso didático na perspectiva da educação antirracista.

Abstract

This final project aims to analyze the land distribution process in the territory that corresponds to the present-day municipality of Coxixola, Paraíba, seeking to understand how the historical formation of the agrarian structure influences contemporary peasant and social reality. The research begins with the observation of the presence of enslaved African people in the interior of the Parahyba Province in the 19th century and progresses to discuss the persistence of racial and economic inequalities in the region. Thus, our overall objective is to analyze the agrarian and peasant issue in the municipality of Coxixola, in conjunction with the historical presence of enslaved Black people and pedagogical practices focused on anti-racist education. The specific objectives are: 1) analyze how the land distribution process occurred in the territory that corresponds to the current municipality of Coxixola, in order to understand how in the past there are important elements for understanding the current agrarian and peasant issue in this territory; 2) investigate the ethno-racial composition and socioeconomic indicators of the municipality of Coxixola, investigating the presence and recognition of the Black and Brown population, as well as propose anti-racist pedagogical strategies, emphasizing the development of teaching resources, such as the Map of Slavery in 19th-Century Paraíba, which promote historical, geographical, and philosophical problematization, stimulating critical thinking and raising students' awareness of historical and contemporary inequalities; and 3) report the experience lived in Supervised Internship III, held at the Municipal School “Maria do Nascimento Neves”, in the municipality of Coxixola-PB. The theoretical-methodological approach of this study is based on reflections that address the concern with understanding the historically constituted material relations (economy) of a people in order to understand their present-day contradictions. Therefore, we are grounded in the conception of historical-dialectical materialism developed by Marx and Engels (1848). Complementarily, in the pedagogical field, we adopt the perspective of anti-racist education, based on the reflections of Davis (2016), Hooks (2017), Gonzalez (1984), and Munanga (2005). Regarding our sources, we seek to articulate bibliographic, documentary, and field research. We use as a basis the critical historiography on the social formation of Cariri, such as the work of Galliza (1979), which addresses the process of enslavement in the interior of Paraíba, contributing to the understanding of the social and economic dynamics that marked the territory. the collection of census data (IBGE, 2010; 2022); and the analysis of historical documents, such as inventories and records of baptisms, confirmations, marriages and deaths that prove the presence of enslaved black people in the region. The results demonstrate that the territorial formation of Coxixola was marked by land concentration, the forced labor of Indigenous people and enslaved Africans, and the maintenance of exclusionary land structures, all of which contribute to the population's current socioeconomic vulnerability. At the same time, the study reaffirms the importance of an anti-racist education that values Black and peasant identities as a strategy for resistance and social transformation. We conclude, therefore, that the historical and social analysis of the municipality not only allows us to understand the agrarian and peasant issue but also contributes to strengthening critical educational practices that seek to overcome the scars of structural racism and historical inequalities.