Potencialidades da intervenção nutricional na manifestação de sarcopenia em idosos institucionalizados.

Abstract

Senescence is an inevitable physiological process, characterized by a set of functional, metabolic, and structural changes that directly impact the health and quality of life of the elderly population. Among the most prevalent changes in this age group are sarcopenia and malnutrition, conditions that are often interrelated and of high clinical relevance. Sarcopenia is described as a multifactorial geriatric syndrome that culminates in the progressive and significant loss of muscle mass and strength, increasing the risk of falls, functional dependence, and mortality. Malnutrition, on the other hand, is associated with an imbalance between nutrient needs and intake, often aggravated by physiological changes, multiple pathologies, and the context of institutionalization, negatively impacting functionality and clinical prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention in improving the nutritional status of institutionalized elderly individuals diagnosed with malnutrition and sarcopenia in the municipality of Cuité, Paraíba. The methodological design included the application of validated screening tools using the SARC-F questionnaire and classification of sarcopenia severity, followed by the development of individualized dietary plans. The results showed significant improvements in anthropometric and functional indicators, demonstrating the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in mitigating sarcopenia and restoring the nutritional status of these individuals. The discussion compared the findings with recent national and international studies, which corroborated the relevance of early and integrated intervention in the management of institutionalized elderly individuals, especially regarding the preservation of functionality and reduction of morbidity and mortality. The conclusion is that the adoption of targeted nutritional strategies, combined with multidisciplinary monitoring, proved effective in promoting the health and quality of life of the elderly individuals evaluated. The study reinforces the importance of systematic screening and individualized nutritional intervention in long-term care facilities, highlighting the need for public policies and care protocols that prioritize comprehensive care for this ever-growing population.