Análise prospectiva da insegurança alimentar em famílias residentes em um município de pequeno porte na Paraíba entre os anos de 2011-2022

Abstract

The Organic Law on Food and Nutrition Security provides for access to food by the population through food and nutrition security. In this sense, eating properly is presented as a fundamental right. However, since 2015, the national territory has been marked by a political and economic crisis, aggravating the adversities of the social issue already present in Brazilian society. The objective of this study was the prospective analysis of food insecurity in a cohort of families residing in the city of Cuité-PB, between the years 2011 to 2022. Data collection took place in the years 2011, 2014, 2019 and 2022. baseline (2011) a population based cross-sectional study representative of the population was carried out using the Stratified Random Sampling technique in which the municipality was divided into urban and rural areas, adopting a proportional sharing for both locations. Data collection at baseline resulted in 358 surveyed households. Subsequently, three follow-up stages were carried out in the years 2014, 2019 and 2022. Fieldwork consisted of returning to all households surveyed in the resulting follow-up. All questionnaires were administered at home by previously trained undergraduate Nutrition students. To measure the situation of food insecurity, the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used and to characterize the studied population, variables on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were included. Regarding the changes resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic in households, the impacts on income and working conditions were listed. In 2011, most family reference persons were characterized by having between 1 and 3 residents, with daily access to water, black cesspool or open-air storage, female gender, low level of education, color black, brown or indigenous, developing some work activity and presenting per capita income above the poverty line. Regarding the changes that occurred in the following segments of the research, the prevalence of females among the heads of households in all the research clippings is elucidated, improvement in the category of average education, change in occupation status, improvement in income status followed by regression in the year 2022, improved access to water and sanitation. The food security situation showed a progressive increase between 2011 and 2019, for both locations, and between 2019 and 2022 there was a reduction in the percentage of SA for both urban and rural areas. At the same time, the categories of food insecurity show aggressive behavior in 2022, mainly in the mild and severe forms. From the data presented, it can be concluded that the municipality of Cuité made progress in overcoming food insecurity between the years 2011 to 2014, achieving significant percentages. In 2019, although there was no increase in food insecurity, the data already showed a stagnation in overcoming it, and, in the last year of the research, the data already revealed a regression behavior in the food security situation in both locations.